This MSEW procedure has been used to mimic early life neglect in humans. The present study identified attachment insecurity behaviors in rats subjected to maternal separation (MS) during postnatal days (PD) 2–16 and early weaning (EW) during PD 17–21. However, quantitative assessment of attachment security/insecurity in rodents has been a major challenge. In this research field, rodents, especially mice and rats, are commonly used to study social behaviors and underlying biological mechanisms due to their pronounced sociability. 3The School of Psychiatry, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, ChinaĪttachment insecurity in the forms of attachment anxiety and avoidance is associated with mental disorders in humans.2Xianyue Hospital/Xiamen Mental Health Center, Xiamen, China.1The Mental Health Center, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China.Haiyan Zeng 1,2, Zijia Yu 1, Qingjun Huang 1 and Haiyun Xu 1,3*
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